From the moment Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the extermination of European Jewry began. Initially, these operations were carried out by mobile killing squads consisting of special units (Einsatzgruppen), German police detachments, and local collaborators who were in close contact with the German army (Wehrmacht). These units accompanied the army, Continue Reading

Julian Noga (Poland – Austria – USA) Julian’s parents, Polish Catholics, emigrated to the USA before World War I. However, his mother soon returned to Poland, where Julian was born in a village near Tarnów. He grew up on a small four-acre farm in Skrzynka, which his mother ran alone—his Continue Reading